12/13/2023 0 Comments Space warfare books![]() ![]() The deleterious and unfocused effects of the EMP test led to the banning of nuclear weapons in space in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. The result was a deactivation of many then-orbiting satellites, both American and Soviet. ![]() One early test of electronic space warfare, the so-called Starfish Prime test, took place in 1962 when the United States exploded a ground-launched nuclear weapon in space to test the effects of an electromagnetic pulse. Similar planning in the United States took the form of the Blue Gemini project, which consisted of modified Gemini capsules that would be able to deploy weapons and perform surveillance. The history of active space warfare development goes back to the 1960s when the Soviet Union began the Almaz project, a project designed to give them the ability to do on-orbit inspections of satellites and destroy them if needed. In tandem with the effort to achieve superior spaceflight capability over the other, the United States and the Soviet Union began to develop space warfare capabilities.Įarly efforts to conduct space warfare were directed at space-to-space warfare, as ground-to-space systems were considered to be too slow and too isolated by Earth's atmosphere and gravity to be effective at the time. This spurred the United States to hasten and re-emphasize its space programs, culminating in the Explorer program, which launched the first American satellite into orbit in 1958. While Sputnik 1 held no military value, only transmitting radio signals back to Earth for three weeks, its launch sparked the beginning of the Space Race. ![]() Three years before the incident, in 1957, a modified R-7 rocket carried the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into an orbit hundreds of kilometers above sea level, notably beyond the reach of any existing weapons system. That was the case until the 1960 U-2 incident, where a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defense Forces’ S-75 Dvina (SA-2 Guideline) surface-to-air missile while conducting photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory. It was thought, at the time of its introduction, that the plane’s service ceiling of 80,000 feet would render it immune to Soviet aircraft, missiles, and radar. Notably, the United States would introduce the U-2 spy plane in 1956. In a time before satellites, this meant building an aircraft that could fly higher or faster, or both, compared to any interceptor that would try and bring it down. ( October 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ĭuring the early Cold War, a survivable reconnaissance asset was considered highly valuable. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. In 2019 India conducted a test of the ASAT missile making it the fourth country with that capability, and in April of that year, the Indian Armed Forces established the Defence Space Agency. The Russian Space Force, established on August 10, 1992, which became an independent section of the Russian Armed Forces on June 1, 2001, was replaced by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces starting December 1, 2011, but was reestablished as a component of the Russian Aerospace Forces on August 1, 2015. International treaties are in place that attempt to regulate conflicts in space and limit the installation of space weapon systems, especially nuclear weapons.įrom 1985 to 2002 there was a United States Space Command, which in 2002 merged with the United States Strategic Command, leaving the United States Space Force (formerly Air Force Space Command until 2019) as the primary American military space force. Space warfare in fiction is thus sub-genre and theme of science fiction, where it is portrayed with a range of realism and plausibility.Īs of 2023, no actual warfare is known to have taken place in space, though a number of tests and demonstrations have been performed. The scope of space warfare therefore includes ground-to-space warfare, such as attacking satellites from the Earth space-to-space warfare, such as satellites attacking satellites and space-to-ground warfare, such as satellites attacking Earth-based targets. Space warfare is hypothetical combat in which one or more belligerents are situated in outer space. ![]()
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